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I Have a Dream
"I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, the speech was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement.〔Hansen, D, D. (2003). ''The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired a Nation''. New York, NY: Harper Collins. p. 177.〕
Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863,〔I Have a Dream: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Future of Multicultural America, James Echols - 2004〕 King observes that: "one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free".〔Alexandra Alvarez, "Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream': The Speech Event as Metaphor", ''Journal of Black Studies'' 18(3); .〕 Toward the end of the speech, King departed from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme "I have a dream", prompted by Mahalia Jackson's cry: "Tell them about the dream, Martin!"〔See Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: ''America in the King Years 1954-1963''.〕 In this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners and has now become its most famous, King described his dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred.〔 Jon Meacham writes that, "With a single phrase, Martin Luther King Jr. joined Jefferson and Lincoln in the ranks of men who've shaped modern America". The speech was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century in a 1999 poll of scholars of public address.
==Background==
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was partly intended to demonstrate mass support for the civil rights legislation proposed by President Kennedy in June. Martin Luther King and other leaders therefore agreed to keep their speeches calm, also, to avoid provoking the civil disobedience which had become the hallmark of the civil rights movement. King originally designed his speech as a homage to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the 100-year centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation.〔Nicolaus Mills, "What Really Happened at the March on Washington?", ''Dissent'', Summer 1988; reprinted in ''Civil Rights Since 1787: A Reader on the Black Struggle'', ed. Jonathan Birnbaum and Clarence Taylor, New York: New York University Press, 2000.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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